A detailed tire tread friction model considering dynamic friction states - ScienceDirect
Fig. 1. Viscoelastic element in the modeling. Tip point: in green. Base point: in orange. 𝑣0 is the velocity of the road surface and 𝑣1 is the driving velocity of the tread base. The element is deflected as a result of the velocity difference between 𝑣0 and 𝑣1 . Fig. 2. Tire coordinate system. Fig. 3. The deformation of tire tread elements in the cornering motion (top view on the contact patch). 𝜔𝑧 denotes the yaw velocity of the tire. 𝛿𝑥 and 𝛿𝑦 correspond to the longitudinal and lateral deflections of the element at position (𝑥,𝑦) , respectively. Fig. 4. Bristle kinematics with respect to the road surface in the sliding situation. 𝑣𝑑 and 𝑣𝑠 denote the deformation velocity and the sliding velocity of the bristle, respectively. 𝜃1 and 𝜃2 represent the orientation of the sliding velocity and the total shear stress, respectively. Fig. 5. Flow chart showing the process of identifying bristle’s dynamic status. 𝛿𝑥,0 and 𝛿𝑦,0 represent the longitudinal and la